{"id":1236,"date":"2012-10-20T09:14:22","date_gmt":"2012-10-20T09:14:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/rs\/en\/do-we-have-good-reasons-to-believe-part-1-of-2\/"},"modified":"2012-10-20T09:14:22","modified_gmt":"2012-10-20T09:14:22","slug":"do-we-have-good-reasons-to-believe-part-1-of-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/r-islam.com\/en\/do-we-have-good-reasons-to-believe-part-1-of-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Do We Have Good Reasons to Believe? (part 1 of 2)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Why is the universe the way it is?<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

One of the most important questions that almost all thinkers, philosophers and people like you and I have asked is \u201cWhy does the universe exist at all?\u00a0 And why is it the way it is?\u201d In response to this question there are those who say that the universe is uncaused, in other words it is eternal, meaning it has no beginning and no end.\u00a0 If this is true, there should be an infinite history of past events<\/strong>.\u00a0 However, the infinite in the real world is not possible as it implies a quantity that is limitless.\u00a0 Let\u2019s take the following examples into consideration: if there were an infinite number of books in a room and two were taken away, how many would be left?\u00a0 The response may be \u201cinfinity\u201d or for those who are logically inclined \u201cinfinity minus two\u201d.\u00a0 In any case, the responses don\u2019t make sense because although two have been taken away from infinity there still remains infinity! Consequently, we\u2019re not able to count the remaining books left in the room.\u00a0 Therefore the infinite leads to contradictions and simply doesn\u2019t exist in the real world (although it exists in mathematical discourse; however it is based upon certain axioms and conventions).\u00a0 Therefore, it logically follows that the universe must have a finite history of past events, which indicates that it must have begun to exist at some point in time.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The above may sound too philosophical, but it is also supported by scientific evidence, for instance, Stephen Hawking, in his lecture The Beginning of Time states<\/em>, \u201cThe conclusion of this lecture is that the universe has not existed forever.\u00a0 Rather, the universe, and time itself, had a beginning in the Big Bang, about 15 billion years ago.,<\/span><\/strong>(http:\/\/www.hawking.org.uk\/index.php\/lectures\/publiclectures\/62<\/a>). \u00a0According to contemporary cosmologists, the universe began at time zero with the event commonly called the \u201cBig Bang\u201d.\u00a0 The theory postulates that the universe began as a \u201csingularity\u201d, an extremely hot and dense entity that expanded and subsequently cooled, going from something incredibly small and hot to the current size and temperature of our universe.\u00a0 In light of these facts, it is interesting to note that there is no scientific explanation as to what happened before time zero.\u00a0 In addition to this, the Big Bang theory can only postulate what happened 1 x 10-34 seconds after the Big Bang but not anytime before it.\u00a0 What happened before this particular point in time is unknown.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In the context of the above discussion, it can be concluded that generally physicists agree that as a result of the Big Bang, physical time and space were created as were energy and matter.\u00a0 So two premises can be drawn from all the above: 1. Whatever begins to exist has a cause 2. The universe began to exist – Therefore the universe has a cause. <\/span><\/strong>How do we get to this conclusion?\u00a0 Well, if everything we know and see that begins to exist has a cause, for example a noise in the room or the pyramids at Giza, then the universe – which also began to exist -must also have a cause.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The Cause for the Universe = God?<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

Our discussion so far has provided good reasons to believe that there must have been a cause for the universe.\u00a0 However, this doesn\u2019t tell us much about what the cause is, but if we think deeply about the nature of the cause – also known as conceptual analysis – we can conclude that it must be very powerful as it brought into existence the entire universe, and it must be:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

One…<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

The cause for the universe must be a single cause for several reasons.\u00a0 An attractive argument to substantiate this claim includes the use of the rational principle called Occam\u2019s razor.\u00a0 This principle is commonly summarised as \u201cthe simplest explanation is the best explanation\u201d.\u00a0 In philosophical terms the principle enjoins that we should not multiply entities beyond necessity.\u00a0 What this basically means is that we should stick to explanations that do not create more questions than it answers.\u00a0 In the case of the cause for the universe we have no evidence to claim multiplicity, in other words more than one, and if we did it would create more questions than it answers.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uncaused & Eternal…<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

This cause must also be uncaused due to the absurdity of an infinite regress, in other words an indefinite chain of causes.\u00a0 To illustrate this better, if the cause of the universe had a cause and that cause had a cause ad infinitum<\/em>, then there wouldn\u2019t be a universe to talk about in the first place.\u00a0 For example, imagine if a Stock Trader on a trading floor at the Stock Exchange was not able to buy or sell his stocks or bonds before asking permission from the investor, and then this investor had to check with his, and this went on forever, would the Stock Trader ever buy or sell his stocks or bonds?\u00a0 The answer is no.\u00a0 In similar light, if we apply this to the universe we would have to posit an uncaused cause due to this rational necessity.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

However, some philosophers and scientists claim that \u201cwhy doesn\u2019t the cause be the universe itself?\u201d and \u201cwhy can\u2019t the cause stop at the universe?\u201d <\/span><\/strong>Well, the problem with these claims is that they would imply the universe created itself, which is absurd because how can anything exist and not exist at the same time?\u00a0 Finally, it would be irrational to claim that whatever begins to exist causes itself!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Immaterial…<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

The cause has to be immaterial since it created everything.\u00a0 If you were to take any state of physical existence, you would come to the conclusion that, that state of physical existence owes itself to another state of physical existence.\u00a0 And that state of physical existence, owes itself to another state of physical existence.\u00a0 But you can\u2019t go back states of physical existences ad infinitum<\/em>.\u00a0 There has to be a beginning to the entire state of physical existences.\u00a0 Therefore, the logical conclusion is that the origin of all creation has to be a non- physical state<\/em>.\u00a0 After thinking about the nature of the cause for the universe we come to the remarkable realisation that it has all the basic attributes of the traditional monotheistic God, namely that He is one, eternal and immaterial.\u00a0 But what reasons do we have to start claiming that a particular religion is true?\u00a0 This leads us to discuss the Quran, the book of the Muslims.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ref. www.islamreligion.com
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Why is the universe the way it is? One of the most important questions that almost all thinkers, philosophers and people like you and I have asked is \u201cWhy does… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1235,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-truth-of-islam"],"yoast_head":"\nDo We Have Good Reasons to Believe? 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