{"id":1258,"date":"2012-10-22T13:56:21","date_gmt":"2012-10-22T13:56:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/rs\/en\/the-rights-of-non-muslims-in-islam-part-2-of-13-non-muslim-residents\/"},"modified":"2012-10-22T13:56:21","modified_gmt":"2012-10-22T13:56:21","slug":"the-rights-of-non-muslims-in-islam-part-2-of-13-non-muslim-residents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/r-islam.com\/en\/the-rights-of-non-muslims-in-islam-part-2-of-13-non-muslim-residents\/","title":{"rendered":"The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 2 of 13): Non-Muslim Residents"},"content":{"rendered":"

There is much talk these days about the allowance Islam gives to the existence of other religions in the world.\u00a0 Some of the opinion that Islam orders that Muslims fight the world until everyone becomes Muslim, creating ill feelings without actually knowing what the religion actually says in this regard, much more the existence of non-Muslims within an Islamic country.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

In terms of residence within Muslim society, non-Muslims are classified into three types.\u00a0 To understand these types will deepen one\u2019s understanding of the relationship between Muslims and peoples of other faith in an Islamic society:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Classification of Non-Muslims<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Permanent Residents<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Muslim jurists use the term \u2018 People of the Covenant \u2019 (Arabic \u2018dhimmi\u2019 \u00a0or \u2018Ahl ul-Dhimma\u2019 ) to refer to non-Muslim residents. \u00a0It is not a derogatory term, as some have made it seem. \u00a0In Arabic language the word \u2018dhimma\u2019 means a treaty of protection for non-Muslims living in Muslim territory.<\/span><\/strong> A similar term, \u2018Ahl ul-Dhimma\u2019 , means \u2018People of the Covenant ,\u2019 because they are protected under the covenant extended to them by Prophet Muhammad and the Muslims, Zaydan, Dr. Abd al-Karim, \u2018Ahkam al-Dhimmiyin wal-Musta\u2019minin,\u2019 p. 20.<\/em> Non-Muslims are guaranteed protection in the Muslim society as long as they pay a head tax and abide by the specific legislations mentioned in Islamic Law. \u00a0This covenant of protection is not limited to a specific duration; rather, stays in effect as long as those with whom the covenant is made abide by its conditions, Zaydan, Dr. Abd al-Karim, \u2018Ahkam al-Dhimmiyin wal-Musta\u2019minin,\u2019 p. 35.<\/em> The good intent behind the term \u2018dhimmi\u2019 can be seen in the letter written by the Caliph, Abu Bakr as-Siddiq, Abu Bakr (d. 13 AH\/ 634 CE): the first caliph after the Messenger of God.\u00a0 He was the best of the companions of Prophet Muhammad, renowned for his sincerity, and was the closest friend of the Prophet.\u00a0 He died at the age of 63 and was buried beside the Messenger of God, may God bless him and grant him peace, <\/em>to the non-Muslims of Najran:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018In the Name of God, the Beneficent, the Merciful. \u00a0This is the written statement of God\u2019s slave Abu Bakr, the successor of Muhammad, the Prophet and Messenger of God. \u00a0He affirms for you the rights of a protected neighbor, in yourselves, your lands, your religious community, your wealth, retainers, and servants, those of you who are present or abroad, your bishops and monks, and monasteries, and all that you own, be it great or small. \u00a0You shall not be deprived of any of it, and shall have full control over it\u2026\u2019 <\/span><\/strong>Abu Yusuf, Kitab al-Kharaj<\/span><\/em>, p. 79<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Another example is the statement of a famous classical scholar of Islam, Imam Awza\u2019i, Al-Awza\u2019i (d. 157 AH\/774 CE): Abu \u2018Amr \u2018Abdur-Rahman, Imam and founder of a school of law followed by the people of West Africa before they became Maliki.\u00a0 He lived in Syria until he died in the port of Beirut.\u00a0 He was the main Syrian authority on Islamic Law in his generation.\u00a0 He placed special emphasis on the \u2018living tradition\u2019 of the Muslim community as an authoritative source of law.\u00a0 His school of law spread in North Africa and Spain.\u00a0 He is buried near Beirut, in his letter to the Abbasid governor Salih b. \u2018Ali b. Abdullah about the \u00a0People of the Covenant, \u201cThey are not slaves, so beware of changing their status after they have lived in freedom.\u00a0 They are free People of the Covenant.\u201d, Abu Ubayd, al-Amwaal<\/span><\/em>, p. 170, 171.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Acknowledging this fact, Ron Landau wrote:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018In contrast to the Christian Empire, which attempted to impose Christianity on its subjects, the Arabs extended recognition to religious minorities, and accepted their presence. \u00a0Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians were known to them as the People of the Covenant; in other words, the nations who enjoyed a protected status.\u2019 Landau, R, \u2018Islam and The Arabs,\u2019 p. 119.
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Temporary Residents<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

This category includes two types:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

1) <\/span>The residents of non-Muslims countries who are at peace with Muslims through specific peace agreements, international treaties, or other mechanisms, who temporarily come to Muslim countries for work, education, business, diplomatic missions, and so forth. \u00a0Muslim jurists refer to them in Arabic as mu\u2019aahadoon, which means, \u201cthose with whom there is a pact\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2) <\/span>The residents of non-Muslims countries with whom Muslims do not have a pact of peace, or who may be at war with Muslims, who temporarily come to Muslim countries for work, education, business, diplomatic missions, and so forth. \u00a0Muslim jurists refer to them in Arabic as musta\u2019minoon, which means, \u201cseekers of protection\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

All classes have general rights common to them, and exclusive rights specific to each group. \u00a0We will limit our discussion mostly to the most general, common rights to avoid excessive details.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The General Rights of Non-Muslims<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n

The expression \u201chuman rights\u201d is relatively new, having come into everyday usage only since World War II, the founding of the United Nations in 1945, and the adoption by the UN General Assembly of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.\u201cHuman Rights.\u201d Encyclopedia Britannica. 2006. Although its emergence in international law is a relatively recent development, the idea of human rights itself is not new. \u00a0If one were to study and compare the Universal Declaration of Human Rights to the human rights granted by Islam 1400 years ago, one can clearly see the level of high moral ground achieved by Islam before the Universal Declaration, Refer to Ghazali, M, \u2018Human Rights: The Teachings Of Islam vs. The Declaration of the United Nations.\u2019This moral standard did not come as a result of human intellectual endeavor. \u00a0The source of Islamic morality is God. \u00a0The divine standard provides true comprehensiveness and depth in human needs. \u00a0It provides for everything that benefits the human race and shields it from any harm. \u00a0Objective study is likely to conclude, \u2018there is no religion or moral code on earth that has given more generous attention to faithfully affirming these rights than Islam, detailing them, clarifying them, and expressing them.\u2019Mutajalli, R.J.H., \u2018Liberties And Rights In Islam,\u2019 p. 22-23.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

The Shariah, which is the legal and moral code of Islam, does not confine itself to giving rights to Muslims only. \u00a0One of its distinguishing features is that non-Muslim share many of these rights. \u00a0As a matter of fact, the general principle is that non-Muslims have the same rights and obligations as Muslims, Zaydan, Dr. Abd al-Karim, \u2018Ahkam al-Dhimmiyin wal- Musta\u2019minin,\u2019 p. 62. This aspect of religion is unique to Islam, and perhaps has not been attained by any other world religion. \u00a0If we look at Christianity, for example, Professor Joseph Heath of the University of Toronto, says, \u2018It should go without saying that you can scour the Bible and not find one single mention of \u201crights.\u201d \u00a0You can also pick through the following 1500 years of Christian thought without finding any rights. \u00a0That\u2019s because the idea is entirely absent.\u2019 Heath, Joseph, \u2018Human rights have nothing to do with Christianity,\u2019 Montreal Gazette, March 18, 2003.
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Non-Muslims have many rights in Islam. \u00a0We will limit our discussion to the most important of them, such as the freedom of belief, right to work, housing, freedom of movement, and education.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ref. www.islamreligion.com
<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There is much talk these days about the allowance Islam gives to the existence of other religions in the world.\u00a0 Some of the opinion that Islam orders that Muslims fight… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-christianity"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 2 of 13): Non-Muslim Residents - Right Islam<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Islam, convert to Islam, search for truth, miracles in Quran, Miracles in Sunnah, Scientific miracles, embracing Islam, famous convert to Islam, Quran, Sunnah, Truth of Christianity, Prophet Muhammad, Messengers, misconceptions, truth of Islam, light, darkness, god, real god, evolution, religion,bible, jesus,paul, trinity, holy spirit, Virgin mary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/r-islam.com\/en\/the-rights-of-non-muslims-in-islam-part-2-of-13-non-muslim-residents\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Rights of Non-Muslims in Islam (part 2 of 13): Non-Muslim Residents - 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